Introducere

Diateza pasivă este folosită cel mai adesea pentru:

• documente scrise oficiale sau academice; eseuri, rapoarte, articole
• știri: titluri, reportaje.

Diateza pasivă se folosește atunci când subiectul (persoană sau obiect) care face obiectul acțiunii este mai important decât persoana sau obiectul care realizează acțiunea, de exemplu:

• The fire was started (Focul a fost aprins) de către Robin.

sau atunci când nu știm cine a realizat acțiunea:

• My car was stolen last night.

Cum se formează

Diateza pasivă se formează astfel:
"be" + participiul trecut al verbului principal.

Prezentul simplu la diateza pasivă - exemple:

complement	Verbul "be"	Verbul principal	Complement	Subiect
The experiment	is isn't is not	carried out	every week	by scientists at the university.
The experiments	are aren't are not	carried out	every week.

Verbul "be"	complement	Verbul principal	Complement	Subiect
Are	the experiments	carried out	every week?

Trecutul simplu la diateza pasivă - exemple:

complement	Verbul "be"	Verbul principal	Complement	Subiect
The experiment	was wasn't was not	carried out	every week	by scientists at the university.
The experiments	were weren't were not	carried out	every week.

Verbul "be"	complement	Verbul principal	Complement	Subiect
Were	the experiments	carried out	every week?

Diateza pasivă poate fi utilizată cu orice timp verbal:

Obiect (face obiectul acțiunii)	Verbul "be" (dferite timpuri)	Verbul principal (participiul trecut)
The dogs	are	fed.
	are being
	were
	were being
	are going to be
	will be
	have been
	will be being
	have been being
	had been

În exemplul de mai sus nu știm cine hrănește câinii. Nu este important. Este important că aceștia primesc hrană.

Dacă vrem să includem persoana care realizează acțiunea, putem folosi prepoziția "by":

• The dogs are being fed by a charity worker.

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Exerciții

Completați propozițiile cu forma corectă a verbelor dintre paranteze la trecutul simplu, diateza pasivă:

.

1)

The Eiffel Tower    in 1889. (build)

 

2)

Two World Wars    during the 20th century. (fight)

 

3)

How many sonnets    by William Shakespeare? (write)

 

4)

The internet    by many different people. (create)

 

Please submit the missing answers shown in red
 

Submit

Further practice

.

1)

The orchestra ____ by Mario Lopez.
 

conducts

will being conducted

be conducted

will be conducted

 

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2)

The houses ____.
 

have demolished

has been demolished

be demolished

have been demolished

 

---

3)

The costumes ____ by the art department.
 

is prepared

are being prepared

are been prepared

is being prepared

 

---

4)

The new law ____.
 

is going to be passed

going to be passed

will passed

have been passed

 

---

5)

The trees ____ cut down.
 

were been

were being

had being

was being

 

---

6)

The grass ____ cut too many times.
 

had been

is been

have been

will been

 

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Please submit the missing answers shown in red
 

Submit

Aspecte lingvistice suplimentare

Putem folosi diateza pasivă atunci când nu dorim să precizăm cine a realizat acțiunea:

• "I’m sorry but your vase was broken."
• "My homework was lost."
• "The accounts have been messed up."

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Verbele modale pot fi folosite la diateza pasivă:

Present

Activă – The staff should make the beds every day.
Pasivă – The beds should be made every day.

Past
Activă – The staff should have made the beds every day.
Pasivă – The beds should have been made every day.

Aspect lingvistic de nivel avansat

Exemple suplimentare pentru diateza pasivă:

• viitorul perfect –
  The dogs will have been fed.
• viitorul perfect continuu –
  The dogs will have been being fed.
• mai mult ca perfectul continuu –
  The dogs had been being fed.

Chiar dacă folosirea lor este corectă din punct de vedere gramatical, aceste timpuri perfecte continue nu sunt utilizate în mod obișnuit la diateza pasivă. Situațiile descrise nu au loc de obicei și exprimarea ar fi destul de neobișnuită.