Should

"Should" używamy udzielając rady lub pytając o radę czy opinię w teraźniejszości:

• "I have a terrible stomachache." "You should go to the doctor's."
• "I haven’t heard from my father." "You should call him."
• "She's not happy with the salary offered." "She shouldn't accept the job."

Forma

"should" / "shouldn't" + czasownik w bezokoliczniku (bez "to")

Przykład

I You He, She, It We They	should	do	more exercise.
		get	a new car.
	shouldn't (should not)	smoke.
		spend	so much money.

Should	I you he / she / it we they	get	more qualifications?
		wear	something different?

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Should have

"Should have" używamy wyrażając lub prosząc o opinię w teraźniejszości, dotyczącą czegoś, co miało miejsce w przeszłości:

• "I had a terrible stomachache." "You should have gone to the doctor’s."
• "I didn’t hear from my father last week." "You should have called him."
• "She isn't happy with the salary she’s getting." "She shouldn't have accepted the job."

Forma

"should" / "shouldn't have" + forma past participle czasownika głównego

Przykład

I You He / She / It We They	should have	taken	a taxi.
	shouldn't have	written	that comment.

Should

I you he / she / it we they

have worked

overtime?

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Praktyka

Udziel lub poproś o radę używając czasowników w nawiasach:

.

1)

He    the position. (accept)

 

2)

You    mobile phones in the classroom. (not allow)

 

3)

   we    that we cheated? (admit)

 

4)

They    work early yesterday. (not leave)

 

Please submit the missing answers shown in red
 

Submit

Have to

"Have to" używamy aby zaznaczyć, że ktoś jest do czegoś zobowiązany, zazwyczaj przez siłę wyższą; "have to" może posłużyć również do wyrażenia opinii:

• You have to show your passport at passport control.
  (Tego wymaga prawo.)
• Jenny has to do homework every evening.
  (Jej rodzice kazali jej odrobić pracę domową.)
• Tom had to work late last night.
  (Nie skoń czył pracy na czas.)
• You have to tell him!
  (To moja opinia.)
• You don’t have to eat that if you don’t like it.
  (Nie wymagam od Ciebie, abyś to zjadł.)

Forma

Odpowiednia forma czasownika "have" + "to" + bezokolicznik (bez "to")
or
The past simple of 'have' + to + infinitive (without to)

Przykład

I You We They	have to	leave the house early to catch the bus. care for the children.
He / She / It	has to
I You We They	don't have to	leave the house early to catch the bus. care for the children.
He / She / It	doesn't have to

Do	I you we they	have to	work on Saturday?
Does	he / she / it		attend the conference?

I You He / She / It We They	had to	leave the house early to catch the bus. care for the children.
I You He / She / It We They	didn't have to	leave the house early to catch the bus. care for the children.

Did

I you he / she / it we they

have to

work on Saturday? attend the conference?

Praktyka

Udziel lub poproś o radę używając czasowników w nawiasach:

.

1)

You    to the internet to send an email. (connect)

 

2)

Adrian    every weekend unless he wants to. (not train)

 

3)

   you    your passport at the border? (show)

 

4)

Amy    30 hours a week last year. (teach)

 

Please submit the missing answers shown in red
 

Submit

Must

"Must" używamy mówiąc o obowiązkach, zwykle spisanych w regulaminach i instrukcjach.

• You must submit your proposal by noon on 12th July.
• You must not use a calculator during the exam.

Przy pomocy "must" możemy wyrazić także zdecydowane zalecenie:

• You must tell him before it's too late.
• You mustn't be late for work on your first day.

Forma

"must" lub "mustn't" ("must not") + bezokolicznik (bez "to")

Przykład

I You He / She / It We They	must mustn't	report	the theft to the police immediately.
		forget	to transfer the money.

Must

I you he / she / it we they

go?

Pytania z "must" są poprawne gramatycznie, jednak współcześnie częściej używa się formy "have to".

Nie istnieje przeszła forma "must" w odniesieniu do obowiązków.

• We had to show our passports at the border.
• We weren’t allowed to use calculators in the exam.
  Or, we couldn’t use calculators in the exam.

Praktyka

Udziel lub poproś o radę używając czasowników w nawiasach:

.

1)

You    late for the train. (not be)

 

2)

We    their wedding anniversary. (celebrate)

 

3)

You    the application form in black ink. (complete)

 

4)

He    his dog chew the furniture. (not let)

 

Please submit the missing answers shown in red
 

Submit

Dalsza praktyka

Uzupelnij zdanie wybierajac poprawna odpowiedz: a, b, c lub d.
.

1)

You ____ remember to close the windows when you leave the house.
 

must

don't have to

shouldn't

mustn't

 

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2)

You ____ eat fast food every day. It’s very bad for you.
 

shouldn't

don't have to

have to

must

 

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3)

Maria ____ the operation but she was too scared. Now she’s very ill.
 

should have

must have

must have had

should have had

 

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4)

Juan ____ visit Prague once a month for meetings, but he enjoys it.
 

have to

should have

has to

should

 

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5)

You ____ perform that song. It’s offensive.
 

should

don't have to

mustn't

should have

 

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6)

You ____ come with me. I’m happy to go alone.
 

mustn't have

should have

don't have to

must

 

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Please submit the missing answers shown in red
 

Submit