Introduzione

Usiamo il present perfect per descrivere il passato quando influisce sul presente, per esempio

• per parlare di esperienze passate
• per una cosa cominciata nel passato e che è ancora vera
• per descrivere cambiamenti.

Esempi:

• I have been to that restaurant twice.
• Emily has worked in the city for many years.
• Your hair has grown since last year.

Forma 1 - Present perfect positivo

Per formare il present perfect positivo usiamo
"have" + past participle.

Oggetto	"have"	past participle
I You We They	have 've	been	to India.
He / She / It	has 's

Past participles

Con i verbi regolari, formiamo il past participle aggiungendo "–d", "–ed" o "–ied" alla fine, per esempio:

verbi regolari
infinito	past participle
receive	received	"-d" per verbi regolari che finiscono in "e"
work	worked	"-ed" per verbi regolari che finiscono con una consonante
study	studied	"-ied" per verbi regolari che finiscono con una consonante e "y"

I past participles dei verbi irregolari sono diversi e devono essere imparati, per esempio:

verbi irregolari
infinito	past participle
be	been
do	done
eat	eaten
find	found
go	gone
grow	grown
have	had
make	made
see	seen

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Pratica

Completa le frasi con la forma positiva del present perfect del verbo tra parentesi:
.

1)

I    that movie three times. (see)

 

2)

David and Sarah    every day for their exams. (study)

 

3)

Tom    breakfast for us. (make)

 

4)

Our company    in the last five years. (grow)

 

Please submit the missing answers shown in red
 

Submit

Forma 2 - Present perfect negativo

Per formare il present perfect negativo usiamo
"have not" + past participle.

Oggetto	"have not"	past participle
I You We They	have not haven't 've not	eaten	breakfast yet.
He / She / It	has not hasn't 's not

Esempi:

• I haven't been to Paris before.
• My order hasn't arrived yet.
• My parents haven't finished painting the house.

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Pratica

Completa le frasi con la forma negativa del present perfect del verbo tra parentesi:
.

1)

I    a holiday this year. (have)

 

2)

Sarah    to Italy before. (be)

 

3)

He    his homework yet. (do)

 

4)

We    Tom since last Friday. (see)

 

Please submit the missing answers shown in red
 

Submit

Forma 3 - Domanda con present perfect

Per formare una domanda con il present perfect usiamo
"have" + soggetto + past participle.

"have"	Oggetto	past participle
Have	I you we they	seen	my purse?
Has	he / she / it

Esempi:

• Have you been to Italy before?
• Has it stopped raining?
• How long have you studied English?

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Pratica

Completa le frasi con la forma interrogativa del present perfect del verbo tra parentesi:
.

1)

   you    Tom this week? (see)

 

2)

   Sarah    to the airport yet? (go)

 

3)

   Clara    dinner yet? (eat)

 

4)

Who    she    to the party? (invite)

 

Please submit the missing answers shown in red
 

Submit

Ulteriore pratica

Completa le frasi con la risposta corretta tra a, b, c o d:
.

1)

They ____ my letter yet.
 

haven't received

hasn't received

haven't receive

hasn't receive

 

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2)

____ David ____ his car keys?
 

Has / found

Has / find

Have / found

Have / find

 

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3)

You are late. Where ____ you ____?
 

has / be

had / been

have / been

have / be

 

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4)

James ____ at the company for five years.
 

have worked

has work

have work

has worked

 

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5)

I ____ Clare for a long time.
 

hasn't see

haven't seen

haven't see

hasn't seen

 

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6)

David ____ a beard.
 

has grow

have grow

have grown

has grown

 

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Please submit the missing answers shown in red
 

Submit

Ulteriore punto di lingua

Usiamo anche la forma positiva del present perfect con "always" e "never".

Usando "never" il significato è negativo:

Oggetto	"have"	periodo di tempo	past participle
I You We They	have	always never	lived	in the city.
He She It	has

Usiamo anche la forma interrogativa del present perfect con "always" e "ever".

"have"	Oggetto	periodo di tempo	past participle
Have	I you we they	always never	lived	in the city.
Has	he she it

Esempi:

• Have you ever been to Mexico?
• Has she always lived in Paris?