Segundo condicional

Introdução

Nós usamos a segunda condicional para descrever uma situação no presente que não é real e o resultado se imaginarmosé real.

If I took the bus, I would arrive at 7pm.

"If I took the bus" é uma situação no presente que não é real.
"I would arriveat 7pm" é o resultado se eu imaginar que a situação é real.

Exemplos:

If I owned that house, I would paint it a different colour.
Eu não sou dona dessa casa de forma que pintar de uma cor diferente é um resultado esperado.
If I lived in Italy, I would learn to cook Italian food.
Eu não vivo na Itália, então aprender a cozinhar comida italiana é um resultado esperado.
If Tom were rich, he would buy an expensive car.
Tom não é rico então comprar um carro caro é um resultado esperado.
If you were me, would you take the train or the bus?
Você não sou eu. Qual é o seu conselho se você imaginar que você é?

Forma - condicional e oração principal

Formamos a segunda condicional com uma cláusula condicional e uma cláusula principal:

Cláusula condicional: "if" + passado simples
Cláusula principal: "would" + infinitivo (sem "to")

A ordem das cláusulas não importa: o significado é o mesmo.

Se colocarmos a cláusula condicional antes da oração principal, usamos uma vírgula:

Cláusula condicional	Cláusula principal
"If" + passado simples + vírgula	"would" + infinitivo (sem "to")
If I took the bus,	I would arrive at 7pm.
If I owned that house,	I would paint it a different colour.
If I lived in Italy,	I would learn to cook Italian food.
If you were me,	would you take the train or the bus?
If Tom were rich,	he would buy an expensive car.

Nós não usamos uma vírgula, se colocarmos a cláusula principal antes de a cláusula condicional:

Cláusula principal	Cláusula condicional
"would" + infinitivo (sem "to")	"if" + passado simples
I would arrive at 7pm	if I took the bus.
I would paint that house a different colour	if I owned it.
I would learn to cook Italian food	if I lived in Italy.
Would you take the train or the bus	if you were me?
Tom would buy an expensive car	if he were rich.

Nós só usamos "were" (e não "was") para passado simples de "be" na cláusula condicional.
Podemos contrair o pronome sujeito e "would": "I’d" / "you’d" / "we’d" / "they’d" / "she’d" / "he’d" / "it’d"
Podemos usar o passado contínuo na cláusula condicional:
If I were being honest, I would tell him that I don’t like the food.
Não estou sendo honesto, então não lhe disse que não gosto da comida.

Pratique

Complete as frases para formar a segunda condicional com a forma correta do verbo entre parêntesis:
.

1)

If I to London, I would go to St. Paul’s cathedral. (go)

2)

Jack and Emily would get a cat if they near a busy road. (not live)

3)

I'd you to the Lake District if you came to London. (take)

4)

If I gave you £100, what would you with it? (do)

Pratique ainda mais

Complete as frases selecionando a resposta correta de a, b, c ou d:
.

1)

I would be surprised if she ____ the job.

didn’t took

doesn't takes

not take

didn't take

2)

They ____ to Bolivia if they had the chance.

would gone

'd go

'd goes

would went

3)

Would you ____ to the conference if the company were paying for the tickets?

go

gone

goes

went

4)

I’d cook steak if he ____ meat.

eaten

eat

ate

eats

5)

He ____ weight if he had a healthier diet.

'd lose

'd lost

would loses

would lost

6)

Sarah said she would come to the party with me if she ____ a headache.

didn't had

didn't have

did not has

not have

Uso do "could", "might"

Podemos usar "could" ou "might" em vez de "would" na cláusula principal da segunda condicional.

If Tom were rich, he would buy an expensive car.

... he would buy an expensive car.
"would" descreve a intenção de Tom de comprar o carro.
... he could buy an expensive car.
"could" descreve a habilidade de Tom de comprar o carro.
.... he might buy an expensive car.
"might" descreve a possibilidade de Tom comprar o carro.