Introdução

Usamos os terceiro condicional para descrever situações irreais condicionais no passado e os resultados imaginados. Tanto a situação e como o resultado existem no passado; a situação não aconteceu então o resultado é impossível:

    If I had woken up earlier, I wouldn’t have missed the train.     

• "If I had woken up earlier" é a situação irreal.
• "I wouldn’t have missed the train" é o resultado imaginado.

    A situação real e resultado: Eu não acordei mais cedo então eu perdi o trem.

Exemplos:

• If she hadn't got the job, she would have been very disappointed.
  A situação real e resultado: Ela conseguiu o emprego então ela não estava decepcionada.
   
• If they had known about the problems with the trains, they would have driven.
  A situação real e resultado: Eles não sabiam sobre os problemas com os trens então eles não dirigiram.
   
• Would I have got sick if I hadn’t eaten the fish?
  A situação real e resultado: Eu comi peixe. Será que foi por isso que eu fiquei doente?

Formulário

Formamos a terceira condicional com uma cláusula condicional e uma cláusula principal:

• cláusula condicional: "if" + passado perfeito
• cláusula principal: "would have" + particípio passado

A ordem das cláusulas não importa: o significado é o mesmo.

Se colocarmos a cláusula condicional antes da oração principal, usamos uma vírgula:

Cláusula condicional	Cláusula principal
"If" + passado perfeito + vírgula	"would have" + particípio passado
If I’d woken up earlier,	I wouldn’t have missed the train.
If she hadn’t got the job,	she would have been very disappointed.
If they had known about the problems with the trains,	they would have driven instead.
If I hadn’t eaten the fish,	would I have got sick?

Nós não usamos uma vírgula, se colocarmos a cláusula principal antes de a cláusula condicional:

Cláusula principal	Cláusula condicional
"would have" + particípio passado	"if" + passado Perfeito
I wouldn’t have missed the train	if I had woken up earlier.
She would have been very disappointed	if she hadn’t got the job.
They would have driven	if they had known about the problems with the trains.
Would I have got sick	if I hadn’t eaten the fish?

• Podemos contrair o pronome sujeito e "would": "I’d" / "you’d" / "we’d" / "they’d" / "she’d" / "he’d" / "it’d"
   
• Podemos contrair "would" e "have": would've
   
• Podemos usar o pretérito perfeito contínuo na cláusula condicional:
  If I’d been looking more carefully, I would have noticed the mistake.
  Eu não percebi o erro porque não estava olhando com cuidado suficiente.

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Pratique

.

1)

They’d have passed their exams if they    harder. (study)

 

2)

If he had followed the directions, he    on time. (arrive)

 

3)

Would you have guessed the ending of the film if you    the book. (not read)

 

4)

Sarah would    to Paris if she’d had enough time. (go)

 

Please submit the missing answers shown in red
 

Submit

Pratique ainda mais

Complete as frases para formar a terceira condicional ao escolher a resposta correta de a, b, c ou d:
.

1)

If he had known it was her birthday, he would ____ her a present.
 

had bought

have bought

had buy

have buy

 

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2)

They wouldn’t have gone if they ____ it would be so crowded.
 

'd knew

had knows

had known

'd know

 

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3)

Would you ____ to the conference if the company hadn’t paid for the tickets?
 

had went

have went

had gone

have gone

 

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4)

I would ____ meat if I had known that you are vegetarian.
 

n't have cook

not had cooked

not had cook

n't have cooked

 

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5)

If I ____ the menu, I wouldn’t have gone to the restaurant.
 

had saw

have seen

have saw

had seen

 

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6)

If they ____ a map, would they have got lost?
 

had buy

have bought

have buy

had bought

 

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Please submit the missing answers shown in red
 

Submit

Uso do "could", "might"

Podemos usar "could" ou "might" em vez de "would" no caput do terceiro condicional.

• If they had known about the problems with the trains, they would have driven.
  A cláusula principal com "would" descreve um determinado resultado.
   
• If they had known about the problems with the trains, they could have driven.
  A cláusula principal com "could" descreve um possível resultado como uma capacidade de fazer algo.
   
• If they had known about the problems with the trains, they might have driven.
  A cláusula principal com "might" descreve um resultado possível.